List of Yajnas and Their Fruits - 5 More

Below I will give a list of yajnas and their fruits.

Yajna is a Hindu Vedic ritual in which at a physical level offerings are made to fires during a ceremony  officiated  by priests known as Ritwiks. The sacrificer known as Yajamana expects some sort of result in return.

Yajna is accompanied by the pouring of oblation into ritual fire, the divine Agni.

In this post I will talk about 5 such Vedic rituals and share a list of Yajnas and their fruits.

# 1 List of Yajnas - Kshamavatishti Yagya

Image Courtesy: bookmasters

When one is desirous of victory in battle of any sort, he should undertake Kshamavatishti Yagya (Sanskrit: क्षमवतीष्टि यज्ञ , Bengali : ক্ষমবতীষ্টি যজ্ঞ).

# 2 List of Yajnas - Papamokshakameshti Yagya

Image Courtesy: Salvation Army

When one desires freedom from sins, he should undertake Papamokshakameshti Yagya (Sanskrit: पापमोक्षकामेष्टि यज्ञ , Bengali : পাপমোক্ষকামেষ্টি যজ্ঞ).

# 3 List of Yajnas - Pashukameshti Yagya

Ímage Courtesy: BBC

If for some reason you want cows you should undertake Pashukameshti Yagya (Sanskri t:पशुकामेष्टि यज्ञ , Bengali : পশুকামেষ্টি যজ্ঞ).

# 4 List of Yajnas - Pavamaneshti Yagya

Image Courtesy: Wisdom Square

To cure chronic diseases one should undertake Pavamaneshti Yagya (Sanskrit: पवमानेष्टि यज्ञ , Bengali : পবমানেষ্টি যজ্ঞ).

# 5 List of Yajnas - Prajakameshti Yagya

Image Courtesy: Forbes

For getting worthy sons one should undertake Prajakameshti Yagya (Sanskrit:प्रजकामेष्टि यज्ञ , Bengali : প্রজকামেষ্টি যজ্ঞ).

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That's it. Thank you for reading about List of Yajnas and Their Fruits. You may also like the following.

Interesting Facts about Rig Veda
Interesting Facts about Atharva Veda
Purpose of Hindu Philosophy 
Books on Vedas 
Prapanchasara Tantram

Reference
Vedic Sacrifices: An Outline, Swami Harshananda, Ramakrishna Math, Bangalore

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Durga Saptashati Chandi Path in Bengali Sanskrit English - 1.20 to 1.34

In this article I will provide Chandi Path in Bengali, along with Sanskrit text, English and Bengali meaning of Chapter 1 and Verses 20 through 34.

Chandi Path (Bengali: চণ্ডী পাঠ , Sanskrit: चण्डी पाठ ) also known as Devi Mahatmyam (Bengali: দেবী মাহাত্ম্যম্  , Sanskrit : देवी माहात्म्यम् ) and Durga Shaptashati (Bengali : শ্রীদুর্গাসপ্তশতী  , Sanskrit : श्रीदुर्गासप्तशती) consists of 700 shlokas on Shri Durga from Markandeya Purana. 

Durga Saptashati in Bengali  1.20 to 1.25

বৈশ্য উবাচ .. ২০..

সমাধির্নাম বৈশ্যোঽহমুত্পন্নো ধনিনাং কুলে .. ২১..
পুত্রদারৈর্নিরস্তশ্চ ধনলোভাদসাধুভিঃ .
বিহীনশ্চ ধনৈর্দারৈঃ  পুত্রৈরাদায় মে ধনম্ .. ২২..
বনমভ্যাগতো দুঃখী নিরস্তশ্চাপ্তবন্ধুভিঃ .
সোঽহং ন বেদ্মি পুত্রাণাং কুশলাকুশলাত্মিকাম্ .. ২৩..
প্রবৃত্তিং স্বজনানাং চ দারাণাং চাত্র সংস্থিতঃ .
কিং নু তেষাং গৃহে ক্ষেমমক্ষেমং কিং নু সাম্প্রতম্ .. ২৪..
কথং তে কিং নু সদ্বৃত্তা দুর্বৃত্তাঃ কিং নু মে সুতাঃ .. ২৫..

वैश्य उवाच ॥ २०॥

समाधिर्नाम वैश्योऽहमुत्पन्नो धनिनां कुले ॥ २१॥
पुत्रदारैर्निरस्तश्च धनलोभादसाधुभिः ।
विहीनश्च धनैर्दारैः  पुत्रैरादाय मे धनम् ॥ २२॥
वनमभ्यागतो दुःखी निरस्तश्चाप्तबन्धुभिः ।
सोऽहं न वेद्मि पुत्राणां कुशलाकुशलात्मिकाम् ॥ २३॥
प्रवृत्तिं स्वजनानां च दाराणां चात्र संस्थितः ।
किं नु तेषां गृहे क्षेममक्षेमं किं नु साम्प्रतम् ॥ २४॥
कथं ते किं नु सद्वृत्ता दुर्वृत्ताः किं नु मे सुताः ॥ २५॥

বৈশ্য বলিলেন আমি বৈশ্য আমার নাম সমাধি ; ধনবানের কুলে আমার জন্ম কিন্তু দুর্ব্বৃত্ত স্ত্রীপুত্র
ধনলোভে আমাকে বহিষ্কৃত করিয়া দিয়াছে আমি এখন নিঃস্ব ;
স্ত্রীপুত্র আমার ধন আত্মসাত্ করিয়া আমার বিশ্বস্ত বন্ধুগণের সহায়তায় আমাকে বহিষ্কৃত
করিয়া দিয়াছে বলিয়া আমি দুঃখিতচিত্তে এই বনে আসিয়াছি |
সেই ( মন্দভাগ্য ) আমি এই স্থানে আছি ; স্ত্রীপুত্র ও শ্বজনগণের
মঙ্গলামঙ্গল সংবাদ পাইতেছি না |
এক্ষণে তাহাদিগের গৃহে শুভ কি অশুভ তাহার কি ভাবে কালযাপন করিতেছে
আমার পুত্রগণ ( এক্ষণে ) সচ্চরিত্র হইয়াছে না দুর্ব্বৃত্তই আছে?

The merchant said : ‘I am a merchant named Samadhi, born in a wealthy family. I have been cost out by my sons and wife, who are wicked through greed of wealth. My wife and sons have misappropriated my riches, and made me devoid of wealth. Cast out by my trusted kinsmen. I have come to the forest grief-stricken. Dwelling here, I do not know anything as regards good or bad of my sons, kinsmen and wife. At present is there welfare or ill-luck at home ? How are they? Are my sons living good or evil lives ?’

Debi Mahatmyam in Bengali  1.26 to 1.28

রাজোবাচ .. ২৬..

যৈর্নিরস্তো ভবাঁল্লুব্ধৈঃ পুত্রদারাদিভির্ধনৈঃ .. ২৭..
তেষু কিং ভবতঃ  স্নেহমনুবধ্নাতি মানসম্ .. ২৮..

राजोवाच ॥ २६॥

यैर्निरस्तो भवाँल्लुब्धैः पुत्रदारादिभिर्धनैः ॥ २७॥
तेषु किं भवतः  स्नेहमनुबध्नाति मानसम् ॥ २८॥

রাজা বলিলেন যে সকল ধনলুব্ধ স্ত্রীপুত্রাদি আপনাকে বহিষ্কৃত করিয়া দিয়াছে
তাহাদিগের প্রতি আপনার মনের  স্নেহবন্ধন হইয়াছে কেন ?

The King said : ‘Why is your mind affectionately attached to those covetous folk, your sons, wife and others, who have deprived you of your wealth ?’

Chandi Patha in Bengali  1.29 to 1.34

বৈশ্য উবাচ .. ২৯..

এবমেতদ্যথা প্রাহ ভবানস্মদ্গতং বচঃ .. ৩০..
কিং করোমি ন বধ্নাতি মম নিষ্ঠুরতাং মনঃ .
যৈঃ সংত্যজ্য পিতৃস্নেহং ধনলুব্ধৈর্নিরাকৃতঃ .. ৩১..
পতিস্বজনহার্দং চ হার্দিতেষ্বেব মে মনঃ .
কিমেতন্নাভিজানামি জানন্নপি মহামতে .. ৩২..
যত্প্রেমপ্রবণং চিত্তং বিগুণেষ্বপি বন্ধুষু .
তেষাং কৃতে মে নিঃশ্বাসো দৌর্মনস্যং চ জায়তে .. ৩৩..
করোমি কিং যন্ন মনস্তেষ্বপ্রীতিষু নিষ্ঠুরম্ .. ৩৪..

वैश्य उवाच ॥ २९॥

एवमेतद्यथा प्राह भवानस्मद्गतं वचः ॥ ३०॥
किं करोमि न बध्नाति मम निष्ठुरतां मनः ।
यैः संत्यज्य पितृस्नेहं धनलुब्धैर्निराकृतः ॥ ३१॥
पतिस्वजनहार्दं च हार्दितेष्वेव मे मनः ।
किमेतन्नाभिजानामि जानन्नपि महामते ॥ ३२॥
यत्प्रेमप्रवणं चित्तं विगुणेष्वपि बन्धुषु ।
तेषां कृते मे निःश्वासो दौर्मनस्यं च जायते ॥ ३३॥
करोमि किं यन्न मनस्तेष्वप्रीतिषु निष्ठुरम् ॥ ३४॥

বৈশ্য বলিলেন
আমি বা আমার পুত্রাদি সম্বন্ধে আপনি জাহা বলিলেন তাহা যথার্থই বটে ;
কিন্তু কি করি আমার মন যে নিষ্ঠুর ভাব ধারণ করিতেছে না |
জাহারা ধনলোভে পিতার স্নেহ পতিপ্রেম স্বজনপ্রীতি পরিত্যাগ করিয়া
( আমাকে ) বহিষ্কৃত করিয়া দিয়াছে , আমার মন তাহাদিগের প্রতিই অনুরক্ত |
হে মহামতে ! বন্ধুগন স্নেহহীন হইলেও আমার মন প্রেমবশে তাহাদিগের প্রতি ধাবিত
ইহা আমি বুজিতেছি বটে কিন্তু কেন যে এই রূপ হইল তাহা ত একেবারেই বুঝিতেছি না |
তাহাদিগের জন্য আমার কত (দীর্ঘ) নিশ্বাস পড়িতেছে তাহাদের জন্যই দুস্চিন্তা
কি করি সেই প্রীতিহীন স্বজনের প্রতি মনের স্নেহ যে কমিতেছে না |

The merchant said : ‘This very thought has occurred to me, just as you have uttered it. 

What can I do ? My mind does not become hard; 

it bears deep affection to those very persons who have driven me out in their greed for wealth, abandoning love for a father and attachment to one’s master and kinsmen. 

I do not comprehend although. I know it, O noble hearted king, how it is that the mind is prone to love even towards worthless kinsmen. On account of them I have heavy sighs and feel dejected. 

What can I do since my mind does not become hard towards those unloving ones ?

Reference
English Meaning: http://cincinnatitemple.com/articles/ShreeDurgaSaptashati4.pdf
ITRANS: http://sanskritdocuments.org/doc_devii/durga700.itx
Bengali Meaning from Sri Sri Chandi, 2nd Edition 1925, Shri Panchanan Tarkaratna (Bhattapalli)

Images Courtesy:

http://www.travelindia-guide.com/festivals_holidays/durga_puja.php
http://www.durgapujo.com/show_subcat.php?x=6&y=262
http://theyoungbigmouth.com/2013/10/16/durga-puja-pandal-cr-park/ 

You may also like:

• Durga Saptashati Chandi Path in Bengali Sanskrit English - 1.1 to 1.19 
• Adya Stotram | आद्या स्तोत्रम् | আদ্যা স্তোত্র
• Adya Stotra Meaning
• Adya Stotram in Bengali Font  
• Adya Kali Svarupa Stotra | आद्या काली स्वरूप स्तोत्रम् | আদ্যা কালী স্বরূপ স্তোত্র
• Kali Tralokya Vijaya Kavacha | त्रैलोक्या विजय कवच | ত্রৈলোক্যা বিজয় কবচ
• Bagalamukhi Shatanama Stotram |  वगलामुख्यः शतनामस्तोत्रम् | বগলামুখী শতনাম স্তোত্রম্
• Jagaddhatri Stotram | श्री जगद्धात्रीस्तोत्रं | শ্রী জগদ্ধাত্রীস্তোত্রম্
• Hymn to Devi (from Maha Nirvana Tantra)
• Durga Apad Uddhara Ashtaka Stotram |  दुर्गा आपदुद्धाराष्टकस्तोत्रं

Thank you for reading Durga Shaptashati Chandi Path in Bengali, along with Sanskrit text, English and Bengali meaning of Chapter 1 and Verses 20 through 34.

Rig Veda - Book 01 - Hymn 005 in Bengali - ঋগ্বেদ: সূক্তম্ ১.৫

ঋগ্বেদঃ — ঋগ্বেদঃ মণ্ডল ১

ঋগ্বেদ: সূক্তম্ ১.৫

আ ত্বেতা নি ষীদতেন্দ্রমভি প্র গায়ত | সখায় স্তোমবাহসঃ ||১||
পুরূতমম্ পুরূণামীশানম্ বার্যাণাম্ | ইন্দ্রম্ সোমে সচা সুতে ||২||
স ঘা নো যোগ আ ভুবত্স রায়ে স পুরংধ্যাম্ | গমদ্বাজেভিরা স নঃ ||৩||
যস্য সংস্থে ন বৃণ্বতে হরী সমত্সু শত্রবঃ | তস্মা ইন্দ্রায় গায়ত ||৪||
সুতপাব্নে সুতা ইমে শুচয়ো যন্তি বীতয়ে | সোমাসো দধ্যাশিরঃ ||৫||
ত্বম্ সুতস্য পীতয়ে সদ্যো বৃদ্ধো অজায়থাঃ | ইন্দ্র জ্যৈষ্ঠ্যায় সুক্রতো ||৬||
আ ত্বা বিশন্ত্বাশবঃ সোমাস ইন্দ্র গির্বণঃ | শম্ তে সন্তু প্রচেতসে ||৭||
ত্বাম্ স্তোমা অবীবৃধন্ত্বামুক্থা শতক্রতো | ত্বাম্ বর্ধন্তু নো গিরঃ ||৮||
অক্ষিতোতিঃ সনেদিমম্ বাজমিন্দ্রঃ সহস্রিণম্ | যস্মিন্বিশ্বানি পৌংস্যা ||৯||
মা নো মর্তা অভি দ্রুহন্তনূনামিন্দ্র গির্বণঃ | ঈশানো যবয়া বধম্ ||১০||

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RRigbedaH — RRigbedaH maNDala 1

RRigbeda: sUktam.h 1.5

A tbetA ni ShIdatendramabhi pra gAYata | sakhAYa stomabAhasaH ||1||
purUtamam.h purUNAmIshAnam.h bAryANAm.h | indram.h some sachA sute ||2||
sa ghA no yoga A bhubatsa rAYe sa puraMdhyAm.h | gamadbAjebhirA sa naH ||3||
yasya saMsthe na bRRiNbate harI samatsu shatrabaH | tasmA indrAYa gAYata ||4||
sutapAbne sutA ime shuchaYo yanti bItaYe | somAso dadhyAshiraH ||5||
tbam.h sutasya pItaYe sadyo bRRiddho ajAYathAH | indra jyaiShThyAYa sukrato ||6||
A tbA bishantbAshabaH somAsa indra girbaNaH | sham.h te santu prachetase ||7||
tbAm.h stomA abIbRRidhantbAmukthA shatakrato | tbAm.h bardhantu no giraH ||8||
akShitotiH sanedimam.h bAjamindraH sahasriNam.h | yasminbishbAni pauMsyA ||9||
mA no martA abhi druhantanUnAmindra girbaNaH | IshAno yabaYA badham.h ||10||

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ऋग्वेदः — ऋग्वेदः मण्डल १

ऋग्वेद: सूक्तं १.५

आ त्वेता नि षीदतेन्द्रमभि प्र गायत । सखाय स्तोमवाहसः ॥१॥
पुरूतमं पुरूणामीशानं वार्याणाम् । इन्द्रं सोमे सचा सुते ॥२॥
स घा नो योग आ भुवत्स राये स पुरंध्याम् । गमद्वाजेभिरा स नः ॥३॥
यस्य संस्थे न वृण्वते हरी समत्सु शत्रवः । तस्मा इन्द्राय गायत ॥४॥
सुतपाव्ने सुता इमे शुचयो यन्ति वीतये । सोमासो दध्याशिरः ॥५॥
त्वं सुतस्य पीतये सद्यो वृद्धो अजायथाः । इन्द्र ज्यैष्ठ्याय सुक्रतो ॥६॥
आ त्वा विशन्त्वाशवः सोमास इन्द्र गिर्वणः । शं ते सन्तु प्रचेतसे ॥७॥
त्वां स्तोमा अवीवृधन्त्वामुक्था शतक्रतो । त्वां वर्धन्तु नो गिरः ॥८॥
अक्षितोतिः सनेदिमं वाजमिन्द्रः सहस्रिणम् । यस्मिन्विश्वानि पौंस्या ॥९॥
मा नो मर्ता अभि द्रुहन्तनूनामिन्द्र गिर्वणः । ईशानो यवया वधम् ॥१०॥

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RRigvedaH — RRigvedaH maNDala 1

RRigveda: sUktaM 1.5

A tvetA ni ShIdatendramabhi pra gAyata | sakhAya stomavAhasaH ||1||
purUtamaM purUNAmIshAnaM vAryANAm | indraM some sachA sute ||2||
sa ghA no yoga A bhuvatsa rAye sa puraMdhyAm | gamadvAjebhirA sa naH ||3||
yasya saMsthe na vRRiNvate harI samatsu shatravaH | tasmA indrAya gAyata ||4||
sutapAvne sutA ime shuchayo yanti vItaye | somAso dadhyAshiraH ||5||
tvaM sutasya pItaye sadyo vRRiddho ajAyathAH | indra jyaiShThyAya sukrato ||6||
A tvA vishantvAshavaH somAsa indra girvaNaH | shaM te santu prachetase ||7||
tvAM stomA avIvRRidhantvAmukthA shatakrato | tvAM vardhantu no giraH ||8||
akShitotiH sanedimaM vAjamindraH sahasriNam | yasminvishvAni pauMsyA ||9||
mA no martA abhi druhantanUnAmindra girvaNaH | IshAno yavayA vadham ||10||


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Rig Veda - Book 01 - Hymn 001 in Bengali - ঋগ্বেদ: সূক্তম্ ১.১
Rig Veda - Book 01 - Hymn 002 in Bengali - ঋগ্বেদ: সূক্তম্ ১.২
Rig Veda - Book 01 - Hymn 003 in Bengali - ঋগ্বেদ: সূক্তম্ ১.৩
Rig Veda - Book 01 - Hymn 004 in Bengali - ঋগ্বেদ: সূক্তম্ ১.৪ 

Durga Saptashati Chandi Path in Bengali Sanskrit English - 1.1 to 1.19

In this article I will provide Chandi Path in Bengali, along with Sanskrit text, English and Bengali meaning of Chapter 1 and Verses 1 through 19.

Chandi Path (Bengali: চণ্ডী পাঠ , Sanskrit: चण्डी पाठ ) also known as Devi Mahatmyam (Bengali: দেবী মাহাত্ম্যম্  , Sanskrit : देवी माहात्म्यम् ) and Durga Shaptashati (Bengali : শ্রীদুর্গাসপ্তশতী  , Sanskrit : श्रीदुर्गासप्तशती) consists of 700 shlokas on Shri Durga from Markandeya Purana.

Durga Saptashati in Bengali  1.1 to 1.3

ঔং নমশ্চণ্ডিকায়ৈ ..

ঔং ঐং মার্কণ্ডেয় উবাচ .. ১..

সাবর্ণিঃ সূর্যতনয়ো যো মনুঃ  কথ্যতেঽষ্টমঃ .
নিশাময় তদুত্পত্তিং বিস্তরাদ্গদতো মম .. ২..
মহামায়ানুভাবেন যথা মন্বন্তরাধিপঃ .
স বভূব মহাভাগঃ সাবর্ণিস্তনয়ো রবেঃ .. ৩..

ॐ नमश्चण्डिकायै ॥

ॐ ऐं मार्कण्डेय उवाच ॥ १॥

सावर्णिः सूर्यतनयो यो मनुः  कथ्यतेऽष्टमः ।
निशामय तदुत्पत्तिं विस्तराद्गदतो मम ॥ २॥
महामायानुभावेन यथा मन्वन्तराधिपः ।
स बभूव महाभागः सावर्णिस्तनयो रवेः ॥ ३॥

মার্কণ্ডেয বলিলেন

যিনি সূর্যনন্দন সাবর্ণি ও অষ্টম মনু বলিয়া কথিত হইয়া আসিতেছেন
সেই মহাভাগ ( সূরথ ) যেরূপে মহামায়ার অনুকম্পা লাভ করিয়া
সবর্নাগর্ভে সূর্যের ঔরসে জন্মগ্রহণ এবং মন্বন্তরের আধিপত্য লাভ করিতে অধিকারী হৈলেন ,
তুমি আমার নিকট তাহা অবগত হও ;
আমি তাদৃষ শুভাদৃষ্ট লাভের বৃতান্ত সবিস্তারে কীর্ত্তন করিতেছি |

Savarni, son of Surya is called the Eighth Manu. Listen,
while I describe in detail about his birth, how Savarni, illustrious son of Surya,
became the Lord of the (eighth) Manvantara by the grace of Mahamaya.

Chandi Path in Bengali 1.4 to 1.5

স্বারোচিষেঽন্তরে পূর্বং চৈত্রবংশসমুদ্ভবঃ .
সুরথো নাম রাজাভূত্সমস্তে ক্ষিতিমণ্ডলে .. ৪..
তস্য পালয়তঃ সম্যক্ প্রজাঃ পুত্রানিবৌরসান্ .
বভূবুঃ শত্রবো ভূপাঃ কোলাবিধ্বংসিনস্তদা .. ৫..

स्वारोचिषेऽन्तरे पूर्वं चैत्रवंशसमुद्भवः ।
सुरथो नाम राजाभूत्समस्ते क्षितिमण्डले ॥ ४॥
तस्य पालयतः सम्यक् प्रजाः पुत्रानिवौरसान् ।
बभूवुः शत्रवो भूपाः कोलाविध्वंसिनस्तदा ॥ ५॥

( বর্তমান মন্বন্তরের ) পূর্ব্বে শ্বারোচিষ নামক ( দ্বিতীয় ) মনুর সময়ে
সমস্ত ভূমণ্ডলে সূরথ নামে চৈত্ররাজ-বংশসম্ভূত ( এক) রাজা ছিলেন |
যখন তিনি ঔরসপুত্র নির্ব্বিশেষে প্রজাগণকে যথাশাস্ত্রে পালন করিতেছিলেনে ,
তখন শূকর ও মেধাতিথি ভূপতিগণ তাহার শত্রু হইয়াছিল |

In former times, there was a king named Suratha,
born of the Chitra dynasty, ruling over the whole world, in the period of Svarochisha.
He protected his subjects duly like his own children.
At that time, the destroyer of the Kolas, became his enemies.

Devi Mahatmyam in Bengali 1.6 to 1.7

তস্য তৈরভবদ যুদ্ধমতিপ্রবলদণ্ডিনঃ .
ন্যূনৈরপি স তৈর্যুদ্ধে কোলাবিধ্বংসিভির্জিতঃ .. ৬..
ততঃ স্বপুরমায়াতো নিজদেশাধিপোঽভবত্ .
আক্রান্তঃ স মহাভাগস্তৈস্তদা প্রবলারিভিঃ .. ৭..

तस्य तैरभवद् युद्धमतिप्रबलदण्डिनः ।
न्यूनैरपि स तैर्युद्धे कोलाविध्वंसिभिर्जितः ॥ ६॥
ततः स्वपुरमायातो निजदेशाधिपोऽभवत् ।
आक्रान्तः स महाभागस्तैस्तदा प्रबलारिभिः ॥ ७॥

অতি প্রবল দণ্ডধারী সেই ( সুরথ ) রাজার তাহাদিগের সহিত জুদ্ধ বাঁধিয়াছিল ,
শূকর ও মেষখাদকগণ ( সংখ্যায় ) অল্প অথবা হীনবল হইলেও,
জুদ্ধে সেই রাজাকে পরাজিত করিল |
অনন্তরে সেই মহাভাগ নিজপুরীতে আগমন করত
কেবলমাত্র নিজদেশের আধিপত্য লইয়া থাকিলেন |
( কেননা ) তখন পর্য্যন্ত সেই প্রবল শত্রুগণের
আক্রমণ সমভাবেই ছিল |

He, the wielder of powerful weapons, fought a battle
with the destroyers of Kola, but was defeated by them, though they were a small force.
The he returned to his own city, and ruled over his own country.
Then that illustrious king was attacked by those powerful enemies.

Durga Saptashati in Bengali 1.8 to 1.9

অমাত্যৈর্বলিভির্দুষ্টৈর্দুর্বলস্য দুরাত্মভিঃ .
কোশো বলং চাপহৃতং তত্রাপি স্বপুরে ততঃ .. ৮..
ততো মৃগয়াব্যাজেন হৃতস্বাম্যঃ স ভূপতিঃ .
একাকী হয়মারুহ্য জগাম গহনং বনম্ .. ৯..

अमात्यैर्बलिभिर्दुष्टैर्दुर्बलस्य दुरात्मभिः ।
कोशो बलं चापहृतं तत्रापि स्वपुरे ततः ॥ ८॥
ततो मृगयाव्याजेन हृतस्वाम्यः स भूपतिः ।
एकाकी हयमारुह्य जगाम गहनं वनम् ॥ ९॥

তখন রাজ্যলোভী রাজদ্রোহী প্রবল দুরাত্মা সচিববৃন্দ সেই
রাজপুরী মধ্যোও সেই দুর্ব্বল রাজার সৈন ও ধনভাণ্ডার আত্মসাত্ করিল |
অনন্তরে রাজার রাজত্ব ও অপহাত হইল তখন তিনি মৃগয়া করিবার ছলে
একাকী অশ্ব আরোহণ করিয়া নিবিড় অরণ্যে গমন করিলেন |

Even in his own city, the king (now) bereft of strength,
was robbed of his treasury and army by his own powerful, vicious and evil-disposed ministers.
Thereafter, deprived if this sovereignty,the king left alone
on horse-back for a dense forest, under the pretext of hunting.

Chandi Path in Bengali 1.10 to 1.11

স তত্রাশ্রমমদ্রাক্ষীদ্দ্বিজবর্যস্য মেধসঃ .
প্রশান্তশ্বাপদাকীর্ণং মুনিশিষ্যোপশোভিতম্ .. ১০..
তস্থৌ কঞ্চিত্স কালং চ মুনিনা তেন সত্কৃতঃ .
ইতশ্চেতশ্চ বিচরংস্তস্মিন্ মুনিবরাশ্রমে .. ১১..

स तत्राश्रममद्राक्षीद्द्विजवर्यस्य मेधसः ।
प्रशान्तश्वापदाकीर्णं मुनिशिष्योपशोभितम् ॥ १०॥
तस्थौ कञ्चित्स कालं च मुनिना तेन सत्कृतः ।
इतश्चेतश्च विचरंस्तस्मिन् मुनिवराश्रमे ॥ ११॥

রাজা দেখিলেন অরণ্য মধ্যে দ্বিজবর মেধসমুনির আশ্রম
তথায় হিংস্র জন্তুগণ ও শান্তভাবে ইতস্ততঃ বিচরণ করিতেছে
মুনি ও শিষ্যবৃন্দ আশ্রমের শোভা বর্ধন করিতেছেন |
মেধস মুনি রাজার আতিথ্যসত্কার করিলে রাজা সেই মুনিমণ্ডল মণ্ডিত আশ্রমে
ইতস্ততঃ ভ্রমণ করত কিয়ত্কাল অবস্থান করিলেন |

He saw there the hermitage of Medhas - the supreme among the twice-born -
inhabited by wild animals whuch were  peaceful,
and graced by the disciple of the sage.
Entertained by the sage, Suratha spent some time moving about
in the hermitage of the great sage.

Debi Mahatmyam in Bengali 1.12 to 1.13

সোঽচিন্তয়ত্তদা তত্র মমত্বাকৃষ্টমানসঃ .
মত্পূর্বৈঃ পালিতং পূর্বং ময়া হীনং পুরং হি তত্ .. ১২..
মদ্ভৃত্যৈস্তৈরসদ্বৃত্তৈর্ধর্মতঃ পাল্যতে ন বা .
ন জানে স প্রধানো মে শূরো হস্তী সদামদঃ .. ১৩..

सोऽचिन्तयत्तदा तत्र ममत्वाकृष्टमानसः ।
मत्पूर्वैः पालितं पूर्वं मया हीनं पुरं हि तत् ॥ १२॥
मद्भृत्यैस्तैरसद्वृत्तैर्धर्मतः पाल्यते न वा ।
न जाने स प्रधानो मे शूरो हस्ती सदामदः ॥ १३॥

তথায় তখন তিনি মমতায় আকৃষ্টচিত্ত হইয়া ভাবিতে লাগিলেন
আমার সেই নগর আমার পূর্ব্বপুর্ষগণের চির পরিপালিত
এখন আমার অভাবে মদীয় অসচ্চরিত্র ভৃত্যগণ
ধর্ম অনুসারে তাহা পালন করিতেছে কি না ?
আমি জানি না আমার সেই সতত মদস্রাবী মহাবল হস্তি ...

There then overcome with attachment, he fell iinto the thought,
"I do not know whether the capital (which was) well guarded
by my ancestors and recently deserted by me
is being guarded righteously or not by my servants of evil conduct.
I do not know what enjoyment my chief elephant, heroic and always elated ...

Durga Saptashati in Bengali 1.14 to 1.15

মম বৈরিবশং যাতঃ কান্ ভোগানুপলপ্স্যতে .
যে মমানুগতা নিত্যং প্রসাদধনভোজনৈঃ .. ১৪..
অনুবৃত্তিং ধ্রুবং তেঽদ্য কুর্বন্ত্যন্যমহীভৃতাম্ .
অসম্যগ্ব্যয়শীলৈস্তৈঃ কুর্বদ্ভিঃ সততং ব্যয়ম্ .. ১৫..

मम वैरिवशं यातः कान् भोगानुपलप्स्यते ।
ये ममानुगता नित्यं प्रसादधनभोजनैः ॥ १४॥
अनुवृत्तिं ध्रुवं तेऽद्य कुर्वन्त्यन्यमहीभृताम् ।
असम्यग्व्ययशीलैस्तैः कुर्वद्भिः सततं व्ययम् ॥ १५॥

... ও তদীয় মহামাত্র আমার শত্রুগণের আয়ত্ত হইয়া কিরূপ ভোগে থাকিবে |
যাহার আমার প্রসাদে ধন ও আহার্য্য লাভ করিয়া নিত্য আমার অনুবৃত্তি করিয়াছে
নিশ্চয়ই আজ তাহার ( দীনভাবে ) অপর রাজার অনুবৃত্তি করিতেছে |

... and now fallen into the hands of my foes witll get.
Those who were my constant followers and received favors,
riches and food from me, now certainly pay homage to other kings.

Debi Mahatmyam in Bengali 1.16 to 1.19

সংচিতঃ সোঽতিদুঃখেন ক্ষয়ং কোশো গমিষ্যতি .
এতচ্চান্যচ্চ সততং চিন্তয়ামাস পার্থিবঃ .. ১৬..
তত্র বিপ্রাশ্রমাভ্যাশে বৈশ্যমেকং দদর্শ সঃ .
স পৃষ্টস্তেন কস্ত্বং ভো হেতুশ্চাগমনেঽত্র কঃ .. ১৭..
সশোক ইব কস্মাত্ত্বং দুর্মনা ইব লক্ষ্যসে .
ইত্যাকর্ণ্য বচস্তস্য ভূপতেঃ  প্রণয়োদিতম্ .. ১৮..
প্রত্যুবাচ স তং বৈশ্যঃ প্রশ্রয়াবনতো নৃপম্ .. ১৯..

संचितः सोऽतिदुःखेन क्षयं कोशो गमिष्यति ।
एतच्चान्यच्च सततं चिन्तयामास पार्थिवः ॥ १६॥
तत्र विप्राश्रमाभ्याशे वैश्यमेकं ददर्श सः ।
स पृष्टस्तेन कस्त्वं भो हेतुश्चागमनेऽत्र कः ॥ १७॥
सशोक इव कस्मात्त्वं दुर्मना इव लक्ष्यसे ।
इत्याकर्ण्य वचस्तस्य भूपतेः  प्रणयोदितम् ॥ १८॥
प्रत्युवाच स तं वैश्यः प्रश्रयावनतो नृपम् ॥ १९॥

রাজা এই এবং আর ও ( অনেক বিষয় ) বহুক্ষণ ধরিয়া
চিন্তা করিতে লাগিলেন তথায়
মুনির আশ্রম সমীপ এক বৈশ্যকে দেখিতে পাইলেন |
রাজা তাঁহাকে জিজ্ঞাসা করিলেন - ভদ্র ! তুমি কে ?
কি জন্য ই বা এখানে আসিয়াছ ?
তোমাকে দেখে বোধ হইতেছে তুমি শোকার্ত্ত ও দুশ্চিন্তায়া আকুল |
বৈশ্য রাজার এই সমবেদনাপূর্ণ বাক্য শ্রবণপূর্ব্বক বিনয়ে
অবনত হইয়া তাঁহার প্রশ্নের উত্তর দিতে লাগিলেন |

The treasure which I gathered with great care will be squandered
by those constant spendthrifts who are addicted to improper expenditure.
The king was continuously thinking of these and other things.
Near the hermitage of the Brahmana he saw a merchant and asked him,
"Hey! Who are you? What is the reason for you coming here?
Wherefore do you appear as if afflicted with grief and depressed in mind?"
Hearing this speech of the king, uttered in a friendly spirit, the merchant bowed respectfully
and replied to the king.

Reference
English Meaning: http://cincinnatitemple.com/articles/ShreeDurgaSaptashati4.pdf
ITRANS: http://sanskritdocuments.org/doc_devii/durga700.itx
Bengali Meaning from Sri Sri Chandi, 2nd Edition 1925, Shri Panchanan Tarkaratna (Bhattapalli)

Images Courtesy:
http://www.skymetweather.com/content/weather-news-and-analysis/curtain-raiser-for-durga-puja-in-kolkata/
http://innovativeindiatours.com/dt_galleries/durga-puja/
http://zeenews.india.com/exclusive/navratri-special-know-how-durga-puja-is-celebrated-in-east-india_1472120.html
http://www.belurmath.org/news_archives/2013/10/10/durga-puja-2013-sashthi-pictures/

You may also like:

• Adya Stotram | आद्या स्तोत्रम् | আদ্যা স্তোত্র
• Adya Stotra Meaning
• Adya Stotram in Bengali Font  
• Adya Kali Svarupa Stotra | आद्या काली स्वरूप स्तोत्रम् | আদ্যা কালী স্বরূপ স্তোত্র
• Kali Tralokya Vijaya Kavacha | त्रैलोक्या विजय कवच | ত্রৈলোক্যা বিজয় কবচ
• Bagalamukhi Shatanama Stotram |  वगलामुख्यः शतनामस्तोत्रम् | বগলামুখী শতনাম স্তোত্রম্
• Jagaddhatri Stotram | श्री जगद्धात्रीस्तोत्रं | শ্রী জগদ্ধাত্রীস্তোত্রম্
• Hymn to Devi (from Maha Nirvana Tantra)
• Durga Apad Uddhara Ashtaka Stotram |  दुर्गा आपदुद्धाराष्टकस्तोत्रं

Thank you for reading Durga Shaptashati Chandi Path in Bengali, along with Sanskrit text, English and Bengali meaning of Chapter 1 and Verses 1 through 19.

Rig Veda - Book 01 - Hymn 004 in Bengali - ঋগ্বেদ: সূক্তম্ ১.৪

ঋগ্বেদঃ — ঋগ্বেদঃ মণ্ডল ১

ঋগ্বেদ: সূক্তম্ ১.৪

সুরূপকৃত্নুমূতয়ে সুদুঘামিব গোদুহে | জুহূমসি দ্যবিদ্যবি ||১||
উপ নঃ সবনা গহি সোমস্য সোমপাঃ পিব | গোদা ইদ্রেবতো মদঃ ||২||
অথা তে অন্তমানাম্ বিদ্যাম সুমতীনাম্ | মা নো অতি খ্য আ গহি ||৩||
পরেহি বিগ্রমস্তৃতমিন্দ্রম্ পৃচ্ছা বিপশ্চিতম্ | যস্তে সখিভ্য আ বরম্ ||৪||
উত ব্রুবন্তু নো নিদো নিরন্যতশ্চিদারত | দধানা ইন্দ্র ইদ্দুবঃ ||৫||
উত নঃ সুভগাঁ অরির্বোচেযুর্দস্ম কৃষ্টয়ঃ | স্যামেদিন্দ্রস্য শর্মণি ||৬||
এমাশুমাশবে ভর যজ্ঞশ্রিয়ম্ নৃমাদনম্ | পতয়ন্মন্দয়ত্সখম্ ||৭||
অস্য পীত্বা শতক্রতো ঘনো বৃত্রাণামভবঃ | প্রাবো বাজেষু বাজিনম্ ||৮||
তম্ ত্বা বাজেষু বাজিনম্ বাজয়ামঃ শতক্রতো | ধনানামিন্দ্র সাতয়ে ||৯||
যো রায়োঽবনির্মহান্সুপারঃ সুন্বতঃ সখা | তস্মা ইন্দ্রায় গায়ত ||১০||

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RRigbedaH — RRigbedaH maNDala 1

RRigbeda: sUktam.h 1.4

surUpakRRitnumUtaYe sudughAmiba goduhe | juhUmasi dyabidyabi ||1||
upa naH sabanA gahi somasya somapAH piba | godA idrebato madaH ||2||
athA te antamAnAm.h bidyAma sumatInAm.h | mA no ati khya A gahi ||3||
parehi bigramastRRitamindram.h pRRichChA bipashchitam.h | yaste sakhibhya A baram.h ||4||
uta brubantu no nido niranyatashchidArata | dadhAnA indra iddubaH ||5||
uta naH subhagA.N arirbocheyurdasma kRRiShTaYaH | syAmedindrasya sharmaNi ||6||
emAshumAshabe bhara yaj~nashriYam.h nRRimAdanam.h | pataYanmandaYatsakham.h ||7||
asya pItbA shatakrato ghano bRRitrANAmabhabaH | prAbo bAjeShu bAjinam.h ||8||
tam.h tbA bAjeShu bAjinam.h bAjaYAmaH shatakrato | dhanAnAmindra sAtaYe ||9||
yo rAYo.abanirmahAnsupAraH sunbataH sakhA | tasmA indrAYa gAYata ||10||

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ऋग्वेदः — ऋग्वेदः मण्डल १

ऋग्वेद: सूक्तं १.४

सुरूपकृत्नुमूतये सुदुघामिव गोदुहे । जुहूमसि द्यविद्यवि ॥१॥
उप नः सवना गहि सोमस्य सोमपाः पिब । गोदा इद्रेवतो मदः ॥२॥
अथा ते अन्तमानां विद्याम सुमतीनाम् । मा नो अति ख्य आ गहि ॥३॥
परेहि विग्रमस्तृतमिन्द्रं पृच्छा विपश्चितम् । यस्ते सखिभ्य आ वरम् ॥४॥
उत ब्रुवन्तु नो निदो निरन्यतश्चिदारत । दधाना इन्द्र इद्दुवः ॥५॥
उत नः सुभगाँ अरिर्वोचेयुर्दस्म कृष्टयः । स्यामेदिन्द्रस्य शर्मणि ॥६॥
एमाशुमाशवे भर यज्ञश्रियं नृमादनम् । पतयन्मन्दयत्सखम् ॥७॥
अस्य पीत्वा शतक्रतो घनो वृत्राणामभवः । प्रावो वाजेषु वाजिनम् ॥८॥
तं त्वा वाजेषु वाजिनं वाजयामः शतक्रतो । धनानामिन्द्र सातये ॥९॥
यो रायोऽवनिर्महान्सुपारः सुन्वतः सखा । तस्मा इन्द्राय गायत ॥१०॥

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

RRigvedaH — RRigvedaH maNDala 1

RRigveda: sUktaM 1.4

surUpakRRitnumUtaye sudughAmiva goduhe | juhUmasi dyavidyavi ||1||
upa naH savanA gahi somasya somapAH piba | godA idrevato madaH ||2||
athA te antamAnAM vidyAma sumatInAm | mA no ati khya A gahi ||3||
parehi vigramastRRitamindraM pRRichChA vipashchitam | yaste sakhibhya A varam ||4||
uta bruvantu no nido niranyatashchidArata | dadhAnA indra idduvaH ||5||
uta naH subhagA.N arirvocheyurdasma kRRiShTayaH | syAmedindrasya sharmaNi ||6||
emAshumAshave bhara yaj~nashriyaM nRRimAdanam | patayanmandayatsakham ||7||
asya pItvA shatakrato ghano vRRitrANAmabhavaH | prAvo vAjeShu vAjinam ||8||
taM tvA vAjeShu vAjinaM vAjayAmaH shatakrato | dhanAnAmindra sAtaye ||9||
yo rAyo.avanirmahAnsupAraH sunvataH sakhA | tasmA indrAya gAyata ||10||

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You may also like:
Rig Veda - Book 01 - Hymn 001 in Bengali - ঋগ্বেদ: সূক্তম্ ১.১
Rig Veda - Book 01 - Hymn 002 in Bengali - ঋগ্বেদ: সূক্তম্ ১.২
Rig Veda - Book 01 - Hymn 003 in Bengali - ঋগ্বেদ: সূক্তম্ ১.৩

Rig Veda - Book 01 - Hymn 003 in Bengali - ঋগ্বেদ: সূক্তম্ ১.৩

ঋগ্বেদঃ — ঋগ্বেদঃ মণ্ডল ১

ঋগ্বেদ: সূক্তম্ ১.৩

অশ্বিনা যজ্বরীরিষো দ্রবত্পাণী শুভস্পতী | পুরুভুজা চনস্যতম্ ||১||
অশ্বিনা পুরুদংসসা নরা শবীরয়া ধিয়া | ধিষ্ণ্যা বনতম্ গিরঃ ||২||
দস্রা যুবাকবঃ সুতা নাসত্যা বৃক্তবর্হিষঃ | আ যাতম্ রুদ্রবর্তনী ||৩||
ইন্দ্রা যাহি চিত্রভানো সুতা ইমে ত্বায়বঃ | অণ্বীভিস্তনা পূতাসঃ ||৪||
ইন্দ্রা যাহি ধিয়েষিতো বিপ্রজূতঃ সুতাবতঃ | উপ ব্রহ্মাণি বাঘতঃ ||৫||
ইন্দ্রা যাহি তূতুজান উপ ব্রহ্মাণি হরিবঃ | সুতে দধিষ্ব নশ্চনঃ ||৬||
ওমাসশ্চর্ষণীধৃতো বিশ্বে দেবাস আ গত | দাশ্বাংসো দাশুষঃ সুতম্ ||৭||
বিশ্বে দেবাসো অপ্তুরঃ সুতমা গন্ত তূর্ণয়ঃ | উস্রা ইব স্বসরাণি ||৮||
বিশ্বে দেবাসো অস্রিধ এহিমায়াসো অদ্রুহঃ | মেধম্ জুষন্ত বহ্নয়ঃ ||৯||
পাবকা নঃ সরস্বতী বাজেভির্বাজিনীবতী | যজ্ঞম্ বষ্টু ধিয়াবসুঃ ||১০||
চোদয়িত্রী সূনৃতানাম্ চেতন্তী সুমতীনাম্ | যজ্ঞম্ দধে সরস্বতী ||১১||
মহো অর্ণঃ সরস্বতী প্র চেতয়তি কেতুনা | ধিয়ো বিশ্বা বি রাজতি ||১২||

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RRigbedaH — RRigbedaH maNDala 1

RRigbeda: sUktam.h 1.3

ashbinA yajbarIriSho drabatpANI shubhaspatI | purubhujA chanasyatam.h ||1||
ashbinA purudaMsasA narA shabIraYA dhiYA | dhiShNyA banatam.h giraH ||2||
dasrA yubAkabaH sutA nAsatyA bRRiktabarhiShaH | A yAtam.h rudrabartanI ||3||
indrA yAhi chitrabhAno sutA ime tbAYabaH | aNbIbhistanA pUtAsaH ||4||
indrA yAhi dhiYeShito biprajUtaH sutAbataH | upa brahmANi bAghataH ||5||
indrA yAhi tUtujAna upa brahmANi haribaH | sute dadhiShba nashchanaH ||6||
omAsashcharShaNIdhRRito bishbe debAsa A gata | dAshbAMso dAshuShaH sutam.h ||7||
bishbe debAso apturaH sutamA ganta tUrNaYaH | usrA iba sbasarANi ||8||
bishbe debAso asridha ehimAYAso adruhaH | medham.h juShanta bahnaYaH ||9||
pAbakA naH sarasbatI bAjebhirbAjinIbatI | yaj~nam.h baShTu dhiYAbasuH ||10||
chodaYitrI sUnRRitAnAm.h chetantI sumatInAm.h | yaj~nam.h dadhe sarasbatI ||11||
maho arNaH sarasbatI pra chetaYati ketunA | dhiYo bishbA bi rAjati ||12||

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ऋग्वेदः — ऋग्वेदः मण्डल १

ऋग्वेद: सूक्तं १.३

अश्विना यज्वरीरिषो द्रवत्पाणी शुभस्पती । पुरुभुजा चनस्यतम् ॥१॥
अश्विना पुरुदंससा नरा शवीरया धिया । धिष्ण्या वनतं गिरः ॥२॥
दस्रा युवाकवः सुता नासत्या वृक्तबर्हिषः । आ यातं रुद्रवर्तनी ॥३॥
इन्द्रा याहि चित्रभानो सुता इमे त्वायवः । अण्वीभिस्तना पूतासः ॥४॥
इन्द्रा याहि धियेषितो विप्रजूतः सुतावतः । उप ब्रह्माणि वाघतः ॥५॥
इन्द्रा याहि तूतुजान उप ब्रह्माणि हरिवः । सुते दधिष्व नश्चनः ॥६॥
ओमासश्चर्षणीधृतो विश्वे देवास आ गत । दाश्वांसो दाशुषः सुतम् ॥७॥
विश्वे देवासो अप्तुरः सुतमा गन्त तूर्णयः । उस्रा इव स्वसराणि ॥८॥
विश्वे देवासो अस्रिध एहिमायासो अद्रुहः । मेधं जुषन्त वह्नयः ॥९॥
पावका नः सरस्वती वाजेभिर्वाजिनीवती । यज्ञं वष्टु धियावसुः ॥१०॥
चोदयित्री सूनृतानां चेतन्ती सुमतीनाम् । यज्ञं दधे सरस्वती ॥११॥
महो अर्णः सरस्वती प्र चेतयति केतुना । धियो विश्वा वि राजति ॥१२॥


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 RRigvedaH — RRigvedaH maNDala 1

RRigveda: sUktaM 1.4

surUpakRRitnumUtaye sudughAmiva goduhe | juhUmasi dyavidyavi ||1||
upa naH savanA gahi somasya somapAH piba | godA idrevato madaH ||2||
athA te antamAnAM vidyAma sumatInAm | mA no ati khya A gahi ||3||
parehi vigramastRRitamindraM pRRichChA vipashchitam | yaste sakhibhya A varam ||4||
uta bruvantu no nido niranyatashchidArata | dadhAnA indra idduvaH ||5||
uta naH subhagA.N arirvocheyurdasma kRRiShTayaH | syAmedindrasya sharmaNi ||6||
emAshumAshave bhara yaj~nashriyaM nRRimAdanam | patayanmandayatsakham ||7||
asya pItvA shatakrato ghano vRRitrANAmabhavaH | prAvo vAjeShu vAjinam ||8||
taM tvA vAjeShu vAjinaM vAjayAmaH shatakrato | dhanAnAmindra sAtaye ||9||
yo rAyo.avanirmahAnsupAraH sunvataH sakhA | tasmA indrAya gAyata ||10||

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You may also like:
Rig Veda - Book 01 - Hymn 001 in Bengali - ঋগ্বেদ: সূক্তম্ ১.১ 
Rig Veda - Book 01 - Hymn 002 in Bengali - ঋগ্বেদ: সূক্তম্ ১.২

Book Review - A New Light on the Veda

In this post I will write a review of the book "A New Light on the Veda"  by by Shri T V Kapali Sastry published by SAKSHI Bangalore which I finished reading yesterday.

Book: A New Light on the Veda (English)
Author: Shri T V Kapali Sastry
Publication: SAKSHI Bangalore

Finished reading "A New Light on the Veda". A very satisfying and fulfilling read it was.

For those unaware, Shri Kapali Sastry, a disciple of Sri Aurobindo was an erudite Sanskrit Pandit, who belonged to the Symbolic school of Rig Vedic thought as proposed by the great Bengali Yogi Sri Aurobindo. 

This was in direct contrast to Mimasaka Ritualist school as popularized by Sayanacharya, later by Western Indologists and Indian academician following in their footsteps.

Shri T V Kapali Sastry

The original work was in Sanskrit - what I read was an English translation by prolific writer and spiritual giant Shri M P Pandit. The book systematically dismantles the naturalist/ ritualistic framework propounded by Max Muller and later parroted by all and sundry.

The book tries to answer the question:"Is there any support for the spiritual/ psychological viewpoints of the Veda in our traditional books such as the Nirukta of Yaska, Brihad Devata of Shaunaka, the Brahmana, Aranyaka and the Upanishad books, Mahabharata, Purana etc? If so, where is it documented?"

The main purport of the book is two-fold.

• That the Rig Veda verses have two meanings - an outer meaning on the physical plane with real life events and an esoteric meaning of deep mysticism for the initiated.
• And that the central aim of the Vedic hymns is to help the seekers of truth, immortality and light. This immortality is beyond space, time and causation. The light of the Vedas is way beyond the  light of human intelligence.

The key to this secret (Guhya) knowledge in our age was first perceived by Sri Aurobindo, who being a Rishi and an adept mantra-drashta, could "see" the Rig Vedic hymns during his meditations. 

Later Shri Kapali Sastry developed and takes the symbolic interpretation to its logical end. He documented his findings in his Sanskrit book "Siddhanjana" which was published in 1950.

The summary of this magnum opus was summarized by Shri S K Ramachandra Rao in his famous Veda Gudartha Bodha Sutrani (Sanskrit: वेद गूडार्थ बोध सूत्राणि , Bengali: বেদ গূডার্থ বোধ সূত্রাণি )  of 30 verses or Aphorisms on Secrets of the Veda.

The hidden teaching is this: 

The Supreme Solitary divinity is Surya, the Supreme Person. Surya abides bearing several names and assuming several deity forms. The real is but One, but bearing a multiplicity of names and forms.

For Sanskrit and Dharma enthusiasts, this book should be a must read. 

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That's it. Thank you for reading Book Review - A New Light on the Veda. You may also like the following.

Interesting Facts about Rig Veda
Interesting Facts about Atharva Veda
An Introduction to Tantra 
The Hindu World View 
Introduction to Trika

Thank you for reading Book Review - A New Light on the Veda. You can buy the book from Flipkart.

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5 Interesting Facts about Upanishads

In this post I will talk about 5 interesting facts about Upanishads.

The Upanishads are commonly referred to as Vedanta. They form the concluding part of the Vedas and deal purely with the philosophical aspects of Hindu tradition. They also shed useful light on the social tradition of ancient Hindu India.

Below are 5 interesting facts about Upanishads.

#1 Interesting Facts about Upanishads

There are more than 200 Upanishads in existence. Traditionally however most of the Hindu texts refer to 108 Upanishads.

Of these some of the oldest ones are referred to as Mukhya Upanishads (main) and the rest are known as Minor Upanishads.

#2 Interesting Facts about Upanishads

The Upanishads are the oldest philosophical system in the world. Some of the Upanishads are almost as old as 800 BC.

The oldest Upanishads predate Bible by 800 years and Koran by 1300 years!

#3 Interesting Facts about Upanishads


Photo Courtesy: drikpanchang

Along with Bhagavad Gita, the major Upanishads provide the foundation of almost all later Philosophical schools in India like Advaita Vedanta and so on.

#4 Interesting Facts about Upanishads

Such was the freedom of women in ancient India that esteemed women such as Maitreyi and Gargi participated in the spiritual debates of ancient Hindu India!

Women were held in very high esteem in ancient Hindu India.

However later after the Muslim invasion and destruction of India women started being treated with disrespect and as commodities.


Even today in many so called modern countries especially Muslim countries like Saudi Arabia women are treated like animals.

#5 Interesting Facts about Upanishads

The authors of the Upanishads, the Vedic Rishis chose to remain anonymous.

However from various internal and external sources we known about some of the authors like Yajnavalkya, Uddalaka Aruni, Shvetaketu, Shandilya, Aitareya, Balaki, Pippalada and Sanatkumara..

They were spiritual giants who wanted to improve humanity and had no interest in fame and material wealth like modern West and not so modern Arab countries who only hanker after money and power.

--- END ---

That's it. Thank you for reading Interesting Facts about Upanishads. You may also like the following.

Interesting Facts about Rig Veda
Interesting Facts about Atharva Veda
An Introduction to Tantra 
The Hindu World View 
Introduction to Trika

Thank you for reading Interesting Facts about Upanishads. Please leave your comments and feel free to share with your friends and family.

Rig Veda - Book 01 - Hymn 002 in Bengali - ঋগ্বেদ: সূক্তম্ ১.২

ঋগ্বেদঃ — ঋগ্বেদঃ মণ্ডল ১

ঋগ্বেদ: সূক্তম্ ১.২

বায়বা যাহি দর্শতেমে সোমা অরংকৃতাঃ | তেষাম্ পাহি শ্রুধী হবম্ ||১||
বায় উক্থেভির্জরন্তে ত্বামচ্ছা জরিতারঃ | সুতসোমা অহর্বিদঃ ||২||
বায়ো তব প্রপৃঞ্চতী ধেনা জিগাতি দাশুষে | উরূচী সোমপীতয়ে ||৩||
ইন্দ্রবায়ূ ইমে সুতা উপ প্রয়োভিরা গতম্ | ইন্দবো বামুশন্তি হি ||৪||
বায়বিন্দ্রশ্চ চেতথঃ সুতানাম্ বাজিনীবসূ | তাবা যাতমুপ দ্রবত ||৫||
বায়বিন্দ্রশ্চ সুন্বত আ যাতমুপ নিষ্কৃতম্ | মক্ষ্বিত্থা ধিয়া নরা ||৬||
মিত্রম্ হুবে পূতদক্ষম্ বরুণম্ চ রিশাদসম্ | ধিয়ম্ ঘৃতাচীম্ সাধন্তা ||৭||
ঋতেন মিত্রাবরুণাবৃতাবৃধাবৃতস্পৃশা | ক্রতুম্ বৃহন্তমাশাথে ||৮||
কবী নো মিত্রাবরুণা তুবিজাতা উরুক্ষয়া | দক্ষম্ দধাতে অপসম্ ||৯||

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RRigbedaH — RRigbedaH maNDala 1

RRigbeda: sUktam.h 1.2

bAYabA yAhi darshateme somA araMkRRitAH | teShAm.h pAhi shrudhI habam.h ||1||
bAYa ukthebhirjarante tbAmachChA jaritAraH | sutasomA aharbidaH ||2||
bAYo taba prapRRi~nchatI dhenA jigAti dAshuShe | urUchI somapItaYe ||3||
indrabAYU ime sutA upa praYobhirA gatam.h | indabo bAmushanti hi ||4||
bAYabindrashcha chetathaH sutAnAm.h bAjinIbasU | tAbA yAtamupa drabat ||5||
bAYabindrashcha sunbata A yAtamupa niShkRRitam.h | makShbitthA dhiYA narA ||6||
mitram.h hube pUtadakSham.h baruNam.h cha rishAdasam.h | dhiYam.h ghRRitAchIm.h sAdhantA ||7||
RRitena mitrAbaruNAbRRitAbRRidhAbRRitaspRRishA | kratum.h bRRihantamAshAthe ||8||
kabI no mitrAbaruNA tubijAtA urukShaYA | dakSham.h dadhAte apasam.h ||9||


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 ऋग्वेदः — ऋग्वेदः मण्डल १

ऋग्वेद: सूक्तं १.२

वायवा याहि दर्शतेमे सोमा अरंकृताः । तेषां पाहि श्रुधी हवम् ॥१॥
वाय उक्थेभिर्जरन्ते त्वामच्छा जरितारः । सुतसोमा अहर्विदः ॥२॥
वायो तव प्रपृञ्चती धेना जिगाति दाशुषे । उरूची सोमपीतये ॥३॥
इन्द्रवायू इमे सुता उप प्रयोभिरा गतम् । इन्दवो वामुशन्ति हि ॥४॥
वायविन्द्रश्च चेतथः सुतानां वाजिनीवसू । तावा यातमुप द्रवत् ॥५॥
वायविन्द्रश्च सुन्वत आ यातमुप निष्कृतम् । मक्ष्वित्था धिया नरा ॥६॥
मित्रं हुवे पूतदक्षं वरुणं च रिशादसम् । धियं घृताचीं साधन्ता ॥७॥
ऋतेन मित्रावरुणावृतावृधावृतस्पृशा । क्रतुं बृहन्तमाशाथे ॥८॥
कवी नो मित्रावरुणा तुविजाता उरुक्षया । दक्षं दधाते अपसम् ॥९॥

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RRigvedaH — RRigvedaH maNDala 1

RRigveda: sUktaM 1.2

vAyavA yAhi darshateme somA araMkRRitAH | teShAM pAhi shrudhI havam ||1||
vAya ukthebhirjarante tvAmachChA jaritAraH | sutasomA aharvidaH ||2||
vAyo tava prapRRi~nchatI dhenA jigAti dAshuShe | urUchI somapItaye ||3||
indravAyU ime sutA upa prayobhirA gatam | indavo vAmushanti hi ||4||
vAyavindrashcha chetathaH sutAnAM vAjinIvasU | tAvA yAtamupa dravat ||5||
vAyavindrashcha sunvata A yAtamupa niShkRRitam | makShvitthA dhiyA narA ||6||
mitraM huve pUtadakShaM varuNaM cha rishAdasam | dhiyaM ghRRitAchIM sAdhantA ||7||
RRitena mitrAvaruNAvRRitAvRRidhAvRRitaspRRishA | kratuM bRRihantamAshAthe ||8||
kavI no mitrAvaruNA tuvijAtA urukShayA | dakShaM dadhAte apasam ||9||

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You may also like:
Rig Veda - Book 01 - Hymn 001 in Bengali - ঋগ্বেদ: সূক্তম্ ১.১

Contemporaries of Yajnavalkya

In this post I will talk about the contemporaries of Yajnavalkya.

Yajnavalkya (Sanskrit: याज्ञवल्क्य , Bengali: যাজ্ঞ বল্ক্য) was a Brahmin Vedic Rishi who is believed to have lived around 7th century BC in eastern Indian-subcontinent.

King Janaka of Mithila (Sanskrit: जनक विदेह , Bengali: জনক বিদেহ ) -  Janaka was a philosopher-king of Videha, whose capital Mithila has been identified with modern Janakpur in Nepal. Under Janaka, Videha became a dominant political and cultural center of Indian subcontinent.

Uddalaka Aruni (Sanskrit: उद्दालक आरुनि , Bengali: উদ্দালক আরুনি ) - Uddalaka Aruni was a senior contemporaray of Yajnavalkya and one of his teachers.

Shvetaketu Aruneya (Sanskrit: श्वेतकेतु आरुणेय , Bengali: শ্বেতকেতু আরুণেয় ) - Shvetaketu Aruneya was a compatriot and fellow-disciple of Uddalaka Aruni.

Somashusma Satyajyanin (Sanskrit: सोमशुस्म सात्ययज्ञिन , Bengali: সোমশুস্ম সাত্যয়জ্ঞিন ) - Somashusma Satyajyanin was a fellow-wanderer of Yajnavalkya and along with Shvetaketu, he toired cities as wandering Brahmins in search of knowledge.

Patanchala Kapya (Sanskrit: पतञ्चल काप्य , Bengali: পতঞ্চল কাপ্য) - Patanchala Kapya was a renowned Vedic scholar of the Madra country (Brihadaranyaka Upanishad iii 7, 1) from whom Yajnavalkya took specialized training in Vedic theology.

Svaidayana Shaunaka (Sanskrit: स्वैदायन शौनक , Bengali: স্বৈদায়ন শৌনক ) - Svaidayana Shaunaka belonged to a "northern country" and was a Vedic scholar.

Ashvala (Sanskrit: अश्वल , Bengali: অশ্বল ) - Ashvala was a Hotri priest in King Janaka.

Artabhaga (Sanskrit: आर्तभाग , Bengali: আর্তভাগ ) - Artabhaga was a Brahmin scholar in King Janakas court.

Bhujyu (Sanskrit: भुज्यु , Bengali: ভুজ্য়ু ) - Bhujyu was a senior contemporary of Yajnavalkya and a fellow-pupil of Uddalaka Aruni.

Ushasta (Sanskrit: उषस्त , Bengali: উষস্ত ) - Another contemporary of Yajnavalkya, and probably a scholar.

Kahoda (Sanskrit: कहोड , Bengali: কহোড ) - Another contemporary of Yajnavalkya, and probably a scholar.

Gargi (Sanskrit: गार्गी , Bengali: গার্গী ) - Gargi, the duaghter of Vachaknu was a woman scholar, expert in Vedic theology.

Vidagdha Shakalya (Sanskrit: विदग्ध शाकल्य , Bengali: বিদগ্ধ শাকল্য ) - Another contemporary of Yajnavalkya, and probably a scholar.

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That's it. Thank you for reading about Contemporaries of Yajnavalkya. You may also like the following.

Interesting Facts about Rig Veda
Interesting Facts about Atharva Veda
Purpose of Hindu Philosophy 
Books on Vedas 
Prapanchasara Tantram

Further Reading
Men and Thought in Ancient India, Radha Kumud Mookerji


Thank you for reading Contemporaries of Yajnavalkya. Please leave your comments and feel free to share with your friends and family.

Rig Veda - Book 01 - Hymn 001 in Bengali - ঋগ্বেদ: সূক্তম্ ১.১

ঋগ্বেদঃ — ঋগ্বেদঃ মণ্ডল ১

ঋগ্বেদ: সূক্তম্ ১.১

মধুচ্ছন্দাঃ বৈশ্বামিত্রঃ ঋষিঃ | গায়ত্রীচ্ছন্দ্রঃ | অগ্নির্দেবতা ||

ঔং অগ্নিমীডে পুরোহিতম্ যজ্ঞস্য দেবমৃত্বিজম্ | হোতারম্ রত্নধাতমম্ ||১||
অগ্নিঃ পূর্বেভিরৃষিভিরীড্যো নূতনৈরুত | স দেবাঁ এহ বক্ষতি ||২||
অগ্নিনা রয়িমশ্নবত পোষমেব দিবেদিবে | যশসম্ বীরবত্তমম্ ||৩||
অগ্নে যম্ যজ্ঞমধ্বরম্ বিশ্বতঃ পরিভূরসি | স ইদ্দেবেষু গচ্ছতি ||৪||
অগ্নির্হোতা কবিক্রতুঃ সত্যশ্চিত্রশ্রবস্তমঃ | দেবো দেবেভিরা গমত ||৫||
যদঙ্গ দাশুষে ত্বমগ্নে ভদ্রম্ করিষ্যসি | তবেত তত সত্যমঙ্গিরঃ ||৬||
উপ ত্বাগ্নে দিবেদিবে দোষাবস্তর্ধিয়া বয়ম্ | নমো ভরন্ত এমসি ||৭||
রাজন্তমধ্বরাণাম্ গোপামৃতস্য দীদিবিম্ | বর্ধমানম্ স্বে দমে ||৮||
স নঃ পিতেব সূনবেঽগ্নে সূপায়নো ভব | সচস্বা নঃ স্বস্তয়ে ||৯||

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RRigbedaH — RRigbedaH maNDala 1

RRigbeda: sUktam.h 1.1

madhuchChandAH baishbAmitraH RRiShiH | gAYatrIchChandraH | agnirdebatA ||

AUM agnimIDe purohitam.h yaj~nasya debamRRitbijam.h | hotAram.h ratnadhAtamam.h ||1||
agniH pUrbebhirRRiShibhirIDyo nUtanairuta | sa debA.N eha bakShati ||2||
agninA raYimashnabat poShameba dibedibe | yashasam.h bIrabattamam.h ||3||
agne yam.h yaj~namadhbaram.h bishbataH paribhUrasi | sa iddebeShu gachChati ||4||
agnirhotA kabikratuH satyashchitrashrabastamaH | debo debebhirA gamat ||5||
yada~Nga dAshuShe tbamagne bhadram.h kariShyasi | tabet tat satyama~NgiraH ||6||
upa tbAgne dibedibe doShAbastardhiYA baYam.h | namo bharanta emasi ||7||
rAjantamadhbarANAm.h gopAmRRitasya dIdibim.h | bardhamAnam.h sbe dame ||8||
sa naH piteba sUnabe.agne sUpAYano bhaba | sachasbA naH sbastaYe ||9||

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ऋग्वेदः — ऋग्वेदः मण्डल १

ऋग्वेद: सूक्तं १.१

मधुच्छन्दाः वैश्वामित्रः ऋषिः । गायत्रीच्छन्द्रः । अग्निर्देवता ॥

ॐ अग्निमीळे पुरोहितं यज्ञस्य देवमृत्विजम् । होतारं रत्नधातमम् ॥१॥
अग्निः पूर्वेभिरृषिभिरीड्यो नूतनैरुत । स देवाँ एह वक्षति ॥२॥
अग्निना रयिमश्नवत् पोषमेव दिवेदिवे । यशसं वीरवत्तमम् ॥३॥
अग्ने यं यज्ञमध्वरं विश्वतः परिभूरसि । स इद्देवेषु गच्छति ॥४॥
अग्निर्होता कविक्रतुः सत्यश्चित्रश्रवस्तमः । देवो देवेभिरा गमत् ॥५॥
यदङ्ग दाशुषे त्वमग्ने भद्रं करिष्यसि । तवेत् तत् सत्यमङ्गिरः ॥६॥
उप त्वाग्ने दिवेदिवे दोषावस्तर्धिया वयम् । नमो भरन्त एमसि ॥७॥
राजन्तमध्वराणां गोपामृतस्य दीदिविम् । वर्धमानं स्वे दमे ॥८॥
स नः पितेव सूनवेऽग्ने सूपायनो भव । सचस्वा नः स्वस्तये ॥९॥

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RRigvedaH — RRigvedaH maNDala 1

RRigveda: sUktaM 1.1

madhuchChandAH vaishvAmitraH RRiShiH | gAyatrIchChandraH | agnirdevatA ||

OM agnimILe purohitaM yaj~nasya devamRRitvijam | hotAraM ratnadhAtamam ||1||
agniH pUrvebhirRRiShibhirIDyo nUtanairuta | sa devA.N eha vakShati ||2||
agninA rayimashnavat poShameva divedive | yashasaM vIravattamam ||3||
agne yaM yaj~namadhvaraM vishvataH paribhUrasi | sa iddeveShu gachChati ||4||
agnirhotA kavikratuH satyashchitrashravastamaH | devo devebhirA gamat ||5||
yada~Nga dAshuShe tvamagne bhadraM kariShyasi | tavet tat satyama~NgiraH ||6||
upa tvAgne divedive doShAvastardhiyA vayam | namo bharanta emasi ||7||
rAjantamadhvarANAM gopAmRRitasya dIdivim | vardhamAnaM sve dame ||8||
sa naH piteva sUnave.agne sUpAyano bhava | sachasvA naH svastaye ||9||

Why do Hindus worship cows?

In this post I will try to answer this often asked question: "Why do Hindus worship cows?"

For 7000 years or more (some say 11,000 years), since the days of Rig Veda, Hindus have been respecting and protecting cows.

Go-hatya or the killing of cows was and continues to be a great offense for Hindus, as we consider Cows our mother, and therefore killing a cow is like killing our mother.

Mahatma Gandhi said, “One can measure the greatness of a nation and its moral progress by the way it treats its animals. Cow protection to me is not mere protection of the cow. It means protection of all that lives and is helpless and weak in the world. The cow means the entire subhuman world.” (1)

In historical period, the wealth of a person was measured by how many cows he had. (2) Cows used to be considered as a gift appropriate to be given to Brahmins and it was said that killing a cow was the same as killing a Brahmin. (3)

Today however Godless communists, Saudi Islamist terrorists and Joshua Project Christian Missionaries who have joined hands, practically control media and politicians world-wide. I will write an Expose on this hideous conspiracy in my other website on History and Current Affairs.

These primitive and barbaric beef-eaters are brain-washing Indians especially Hindus through Saudi funded Khan Bollywood movies and English newspaper and new channels, and as a result many Hindus today have no respect for either the Vedas, or Brahmins or cows.

They must stop cows killing in India. Those who want to have beef should go to Saudi Arabia or America.

In India they must respect Indian Hindu-Jain-Sikh-Buddhist culture.

Importance of Cows

Cows are a scared animal for the Hindus. There is SCIENCE and LOGIC behind why cows are held in high esteem by Hindus all over the world. In Hinduism, the cow is a symbol of wealth, strength, abundance, selfless giving and a full Earthly life.

Hindus do not worship cows in the sense of a Puja or Yagya. Rather they "respect, honor and adore" the cow (1). She is the mother of all Hindus. She is the mother of all mankind. The foundation of Hindu Dharma is go-mata or Mother Cow. A cow is the source of dietary products and of cow-dung which is used as fuel and fertilizer. Cows are not only the source of almost inexhaustible riches; they also symbolize dignity, strength, and endurance as well as work, maternity and service. (4)

#1 Importance of Cows in Rig Veda

Cow was a very important symbol in The Rig Veda written 7000+ years ago, in 5000 BC or earlier. At that time, Saudis and Europe, the beef eaters of today were all barbaric hunter gatherers!

But we Hindus were advanced. We had philosophy. We had science. And we respected our animals.

In the Rig Veda,

• the Cow draws the car of Dawn, and are also called its beam;
• rain clouds are called cows, as they give life-giving water the same way that cow gives us life-giving milk
• even the Gods are said to be born of cows

A reading of Rig Veda 6.28 (28th hymn of 6th Mandala or ऋग्वेद: सूक्तं ६.२८ ) will show the importance attached to cows in India 7000 years again during Vedic Golden age.

आ गावो अग्मन्नुत भद्रमक्रन्सीदन्तु गोष्ठे रणयन्त्वस्मे ।

प्रजावतीः पुरुरूपा इह स्युरिन्द्राय पूर्वीरुषसो दुहानाः ॥१॥

इन्द्रो यज्वने पृणते च शिक्षत्युपेद्ददाति न स्वं मुषायति ।

भूयोभूयो रयिमिदस्य वर्धयन्नभिन्ने खिल्ये नि दधाति देवयुम् ॥२॥

न ता नशन्ति न दभाति तस्करो नासामामित्रो व्यथिरा दधर्षति ।

देवाँश्च याभिर्यजते ददाति च ज्योगित्ताभिः सचते गोपतिः सह ॥३॥

न ता अर्वा रेणुककाटो अश्नुते न संस्कृतत्रमुप यन्ति ता अभि ।

उरुगायमभयं तस्य ता अनु गावो मर्तस्य वि चरन्ति यज्वनः ॥४॥

गावो भगो गाव इन्द्रो मे अच्छान्गावः सोमस्य प्रथमस्य भक्षः ।

इमा या गावः स जनास इन्द्र इच्छामीद्धृदा मनसा चिदिन्द्रम् ॥५॥

यूयं गावो मेदयथा कृशं चिदश्रीरं चित्कृणुथा सुप्रतीकम् ।

भद्रं गृहं कृणुथ भद्रवाचो बृहद्वो वय उच्यते सभासु ॥६॥

The cows have come and brought us good fortune. In our stall, contended, may they stay!

May they bring forth calves for us, many-colored, giving milk for India each day.

Indra seeks to help him who offers and gives, augmenting not diminishing, his possessions.

Evermore increasing his treasure, he places the pious in a realm inviolate.

These cows shall not be lost, no robber shall harm them, no enemy dare to mislead them.

With the man who does worship and offers libations to the Gods the lords of the Cows will long tarry.

The swift horse, raising the dust, does not catch them. Never do they go to the shambles.

The Cows of the man who worships roam on wide-extending pastures  of fearlessness.

The Cows are Bhaga, the Cows are Indra, or a first-poured draught of Soma.

Truly these cows are Indra, my brothers,Indra for whom my soul yearns.

You may, O Cows, the think man sleek, to the unlovely young you bring beauty

Rejoice our homestead with pleasant lowing, in our assemblies we laud your vigor! (4)

The same hymn is also found in Atharva Veda IV 21.

In another verse, Rig Veda 10.87.16 (ऋग्वेद: सूक्तं १०.८७) we find

यः पौरुषेयेण क्रविषा समङ्क्ते यो अश्व्येन पशुना यातुधानः ।

यो अघ्न्याया भरति क्षीरमग्ने तेषां शीर्षाणि हरसापि वृश्च ॥१६॥

One who partakes of human flesh, the flesh of a horse or of another animal and deprives others from milk by slaughtering cows ; if such a fiend does not desist then even cut off their heads by your powers Oh king.

#2 Lord Krishna and Cows

Cows and Krishna have always been together. In His original form in the spiritual world, Krishna is a cowherd boy in the agricultural community of Goloka ("cow planet") Vrindavan, where He keeps unlimited, transcendental surabhi cows. (9)

Lord Krishna was inseparable from his cows. He was a cowherd (gwala) who was known as Gopala (protector of the cows). Lord Krishna loved his cows from the bottom of his heart and treated them like mother.

Lord Shri Krishna, by His personal example, taught us the importance of cow protection, which is meant not only for the Indian climate but for all human beings all over the universe. (2)

In the Bhagavad Gita (18.44) there is a clear injunction from Lord Krishna that cows should be protected: 

कृषिगौरक्ष्यवाणिज्यं वैश्यकर्म स्वभावजम् |

“The duty of vaiśyas (mercantile men) is to produce agricultural products, trade and give protection to cows.” (7)

Lord Sri Krishna actually knew the names of all of his cows. They were his pets, friends and playmates. They were loved and cared for daily. (11)

#3 Chaitanya Mahaprabhu

Here is a Dialogue between Chaitanya Mahaprabhu and Chand Kazi on Cow Killing (7)
Lord Caitanya said, “My dear uncle, I have come to your home just to ask you some questions.”

“Yes,” the Kazi replied, “You are welcome. Just tell me what is in Your mind.”

The Lord said, “You drink cows’ milk; therefore the cow is your mother. And the bull produces grains for your maintenance; therefore he is your father. Since the bull and cow are your father and mother, how can you kill and eat them? What kind of religious principle is this? On what strength are you so daring that you commit such sinful activities?”

The Lord immediately replied, “The Vedas clearly enjoin that cows should not be killed. Therefore every Hindu, whoever he may be, avoids indulging in cow-killing.

In the Vedic scriptures there are concessions for meat-eaters. It is said that if one wants to eat meat, he should kill a goat before the goddess Kālī and then eat its meat. Meat-eaters are not allowed to purchase meat or flesh from a market or slaughterhouse. There are no sanctions for maintaining regular slaughterhouses to satisfy the tongues of meat-eaters. As far as cow-killing is concerned, it is completely forbidden. Since the cow is considered a mother, how could the Vedas allow cow-killing?

In Sri Caitanya Caritamrita adi lila, chapter 17 verse 166 Caitanya Mahaprabhu confirms (8)

गो अङ्गे यत लोम तत सहस्र वत्सर

गोवधी रौरवमध्ये पचे निरन्तर |

Cow killers and cow eaters are condemned to rot in hell for as many thousands of years as there are for each hair on the body of every cow they eat from.

#4 Cow is the symbol of Earth, Motherhood and Love

To the Hindu, the cow symbolizes all other creatures. The cow is a symbol of the Earth, the nourisher, the ever-giving, undemanding provider. The cow represents life and the sustenance of life. The cow is so generous, taking nothing but water, grass and grain. It gives and gives and gives of its milk, as does the liberated soul give of his spiritual knowledge. The cow is so vital to life, the virtual sustainer of life, for many humans. The cow is a symbol of grace and abundance. Veneration of the cow instills in Hindus the virtues of gentleness, receptivity and connectedness with nature. (1)

Hinduism is based on the concept of omnipresence of the Divine and the presence of a soul in all creatures, including bovines. Thus, by that definition, killing any animal would be a sin. One would be obstructing the natural cycle of birth and death of that creature, and the creature would have to be reborn in that same form because of its unnatural death. (5)

Below I am presenting an extract from the book, Aghora: At the Left Hand of God as quoted in (10)

The cow is a perfect mother. She has four teats: one for her calf, one for guests including birds and animals, one for use in rituals and one for her master. The milk is automatically divided into four equal portions; everyone is provided for. And the cow is passionately devoted to her calf, just as a real mother must be to her child. Sometimes the mere sight of the calf makes milk flow from cow's udder; not drip -- flow...

and if the calf dies the cow refuses to give milk -- not like our water buffaloes who can be tricked with the head of a calf on stick. The buffalo is the symbol of Tamas, stupidity, dullness; the cow is pure Sattva, mental brightness...

Not just buffaloes, even your western cows will give milk whether or not the calf is still alive... What is so great about giving milk? All animals do it. The greatness of out Indian cows is that they give milk only out of an outpouring of love.That is the value of cow's milk. Won't a little of that love come through into the milk? It must.That emotion separates cows from other animals...

We are not worshipping the hide, hooves or the tail; we worship the essence...

Lord Krishna was called Gopala when he was a baby. Gopala literally means "protector of cows". There are many esoteric meaning to this word, but even the obvious meaning is beautiful. Gopala was such a lovable little baby that all the cows in the vicinity loved him more than they loved their own calves. (9)

#5 Cow as Kamdhenu

In the Hindu tradition, the cow is honoured, garlanded and given special feedings at festivals all over India, most importantly the annual Gopashtama festival. Demonstrating how dearly Hindus love their cows, colourful cow jewellery and clothing is sold at fairs all over the Indian countryside. From a young age, Hindu children are taught to decorate the cow with garlands, paint and ornaments. Her nature is epitomized in Kamadhenu, the divine, wish-fulfilling cow.

The cow and her sacred gifts –milk and ghee in particular –are essential elements in Hindu worship, penance and rites of passage. In India, more than 3,000 institutions called Gaushalas, maintained by charitable trusts, care for old and infirm cows. And while many Hindus are not vegetarians, most respect the still widely held code of abstaining from eating beef. (1)

Lord Krishna states in Srimad Bhagavad-Gita: chapter 10, verse 28 (8)

धेनूनामस्मि कामधुक्

Among cows I am the wish fulfilling cow.

#6 Cow in Puja and Daily Life

The five products (pancagavya) of the cow — milk, curds, ghee butter, urine and dung — are all used in puja (worship) as well as in rites of extreme penance. The milk of the family cow nourishes children as they grow up, and cow dung (gobar) is a major source of energy for households throughout India. Cow dung is sometimes among the materials used for a tilak - a ritual mark on the forehead. Most Indians do not share the western revulsion at cow excrement, but instead consider it an earthy and useful natural product. (3)

Less intelligent people underestimate the value of cow’s milk. Cow’s milk is also called gorasa, or the juice from the body of the cow. Milk is the most valuable form of gorasa, and from milk we can prepare many important and valuable foodstuffs for the upkeep of the human body. (2)

Milk is an unavoidable part of human diet. Different types of milk that we consume include different kinds of nutrients. Milk provides us with minerals, protein, fat, carbohydrate, and vitamins. So it is also called as a complete diet. (2)

When a cow(or ox) became old, they would donate it to the tanners. The tanners would wait for its natural death. (6)

#7 Cow is important according to Vastu Shastra

According to Vastu Shastra, all Vastu Dosha is corrected in a house where a cow resides. (2)

#8 Importance of cows in Nepal

In Nepal, a Hindu country, the cow is the national animal. Cows give milk from which the people produce dahi (yogurt), ghee, butter, etc. In Nepal, a Hindu-majority country, slaughtering of cows and bulls is completely banned. (5)

Devotee Crawls under Cow in Kathmandu

#9 Importance of Cows among Parsis

Parsis are ancient Iranians who left their homeland and took shelter in India when barbaric Islamists destroyed their culture and forcefully converted them to Muslims.

Avesta is the religious book of the Parsis and was the text of ancient Iran and western Pakistan. It has close ties to Rig Veda and Hinduism.

• The term geush urva means "the spirit of the cow" and is interpreted as the soul of the earth.
• In the Ahunavaiti Gatha, Zarathustra (or Zoroaster) accuses some of his co-religionists of abusing the cow. Ahura Mazda tells Zarathustra to protect the cow.
• The lands of Zarathustra and the Vedic priests were those of cattle breeders.
• The 9th chapter of the Vendidad of the Avesta expounds the purificatory power of cow urine. It is declared to be a medicine for all bodily and moral evils.

 Representative Image

As per (12), "It is less known that even with the Indian Zoroastrians, the Parsis,  cow urine plays an exceptional role. It is precisely the members of this small religious community, which is considered particularly progressive and open to modernity, who are for example still essentially bound to washing hand's, feet and face with cow's urine as the first thing after getting up every morning."

So we can see how cows are held in high esteem even by Parsis.

(1) http://www.nhsf.org.uk/2007/05/why-do-hindus-worship-the-cow/
(2) http://yadavhistory.com/mother_cow
(3) http://www.religionfacts.com/cow-taboo
(4) Mantramanjar, Raimundo Pannikar
(5) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cattle_in_religion
(6) https://www.quora.com/Why-do-people-in-India-worship-the-cow
(7) https://harekrishnarevolution.wordpress.com/2012/06/20/dialogue-between-chaitanya-mahaprabhu-and-chand-kazi-on-cow-killing/
(8) http://www.bhagavad-gita.org/Articles/holy-cow.html
(9) http://www.krishna.com/info/cows-and-krishna
(10) http://hinduism.stackexchange.com/questions/2576/why-does-lord-krishna-loves-cows-so-much
(11) http://www.dandavats.com/?p=8593
(12) The History of Vegetarianism and Cow-Veneration in India By Ludwig Alsdorf

Image Sources
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cattle_in_religion#/media/File:CowHA.jpg
http://www.iskcondesiretree.com/photo/gomata?context=user
http://www.harekrsna.de/artikel/islam-chand-kazi.htm
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Kamdhenu.jpg/624px-Kamdhenu.jpg
http://govigyan.com/Pages_ayurved/centres.aspx
http://rpm-therapy.com/2012/a-not-so-mothers-day-story/mother-cow/
http://www.nandanmenon.com/RigVeda.htm
http://www.deccanchronicle.com/140616/nation-current-affairs/article/parsi-population-india-eight-small-beginings 

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That's it. Thank you for reading about Why Hindus worship cows. You may also like the following.

Interesting Facts about Rig Veda
Interesting Facts about Atharva Veda
Purpose of Hindu Philosophy 
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